2011年4月30日 星期六

Tuneband for iPod Classic 160GB (NEWEST), Grantwood Technology's Armband, Silicone Skin, and Screen Protector, (Released 09/09), Black

Tuneband for iPod Classic 160GB (NEWEST), Grantwood Technology's Armband, Silicone Skin, and Screen Protector, (Released 09/09), BlackGrantwood Technology presents the tuneband armband for the new iPod Classic 160 GB released 9/09. Our skin also fits the iPod Classic 120 GB (new in 09/08) and 80 GB or iPod Classic 6th Generation/6G,

Also 30GB 5G and 5.5G . The silicone skin is secure, thick and protective and allows access to all the ports on the new iPod Classic 160 GB/7G, and the older 120 GB/6G or 80 GB/6G,

Also 30GB 5G and 5.5G. The tuneband has a comfortable stretchy VelcroR band that fits both large and small arms.

Also, the tuneband comes with a low tack peel screen protector. If for any reason you are not 100% satisfied we will guarantee a replacement of your purchase or a refund. We stand by the our products and look forward to you becoming another happy customer.

For US customers, we now offer expedited shipping via USPS Priority Mail (2-4 days after shipping) or you can chose standard shipping via USPS First Class mail.

If you are unsure of your iPod Generation, please contact us first.

Price: $19.99


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BrightStor - ARCserve 11.5 for Windows - Client Agent: UNIX

BrightStor - ARCserve 11.5 for Windows - Client Agent: UNIXExtend backup protection to Unix machines.

This product provides a "key" that unlocks this optional agent for your ARCserve Backup installation. No additional software is necessary.

This client agent provides your ARCserve Backup installation with the ability to remotely protect Unix machines. It ensures complete protection of all critical data on HP-UX, IBM-AIX, Sun Solaris (x86 and SPARC), SCO UnixWare, SCO OpenServer, Silicon Graphics IRIX and TRU 64 platforms. This agent is licensed per Unix client being backed up.

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2011年4月29日 星期五

MyMommyBiz: Ideas For Work At Home Moms

Provides EBook(R)s, Advice, Ideas, Resources.


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CTCstore Black Wave Premium Crystal TPU Silicone Skin Case for Apple iPad 3G ...

CTCstore Black Wave Premium Crystal TPU Silicone Skin Case for Apple iPad 3G ...Thermoplastic Polyurethane Resin (TPU) is a special type of material. The TPU material can be twisted without any crack or breaking. It provides your iPad with maximum protection against scratches and scuffs, enabling you to keep your iPad in new condition while preserving its looks and features. Made with grade A TPU material, this case is not only durable, long lasting, but also equips the iPad with a soft and comfortable surface. Furthermore, all the openings for the dock connector, charger, side buttons, speaker, microphone and camera were precisely cut to allow full access to all the iPad functions. It's user-friendly, and super easy to install. A case like this has all the combined beauty with functionality by utilizing high-quality materials and fine craftsmanship. This is truly the perfect case, for your valuable iPad. Our premium TPU skin cases will help keep your iPad safe.

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2011年4月28日 星期四

Spring clean your home and your heart

It is a ritual of spring: clear out the clutter that accumulates over the months long, dark winter. While most of us focus our efforts on cupboards, cellars and places where bunnies collect dust, divorce reminds expert Karen Stewart us remove also the items, create the emotional clutter.

"Really, you look to your living space and understand how that affects my life", she says.

Things left kicked from previous relationships, in particular those unhealthy relations should have in the past, to the curb.

Stewart fairway divorce solutions after the painful tug of war of the own marriage split founded. Their approach is financial, not lawyers who control the divorce file, since decisions on money and property can be resolved more quickly.

Emotional problems, on the other hand can take years to solve and can, stop does not move - forward especially if you are stuck in a supplementary time warp, where they were still in a few.

Their advice: Remove negative emotional triggers at home by the get the review of the feeling of your facility. Photos and memories, you think about what was, instead, what is or what will be need to be edited by the next chapter of your life.

Stewart claims that many people intuitively know when they will be pierced and move with their lives. But if you want to be really sure, you have a questions trusted friend. You can tell them honestly for you if you are constantly in the conversation about your ex or if they think you are rooted in the past.

"Divorce is an event in your life;" It does not define "Says Stewart." "Smoother and faster you can move the better by you."

But, she warns, "not too fast, because you need to heal."

Forward focus gaze. The measuring tape out and decide whether your ex-spouse's sewing room that will start table regulation-sized pool, was the too extravagant, as they were wed. Or perhaps the free space that previously would Manland you ripped out more living room with a bar.

Some people in the throes of an embarrassing error divided the past for to deny. Stewart believes in honor of the great years you had while acknowledging that the relationship has ended. She says, packing away a few special keepsakes can be not bad.

"It is the emotion that is attached." When [the stuff] everyone comes away with detachment and clear limits, then the large is. And keep a few memory is very different from someone who has a photo of her ex in an area where they spend much time, hang. "

The bedroom is a great place to with new bed linen and a different color scheme new start. And this family photos on the dresser and walls? They rip all on can interfere with your children. Stewart hits the children their selection as part of take them thus to the development of their family.

"Such a small place in her room,", says Stewart. "Let them have a size for photos and things that represent their entire life." It is an opportunity for them in this process to engage. You let them have memories your family unit and photos of you and them without your ex. "They are more understanding process for your emotional spring cleaning, if they are involved in."

Clean up your things borrows some security principals from the ancient Chinese system of Feng Shui, which is based on the assumption that "Stuff" has power. Select the items, which, with life, determine what you attract and repel in your personal life, and that your heart and even a new love session contains healing.

Stewart says "See, what in your House that holds you back", "and let it go."

Lisa is a writer, broadcasters home decoration enthusiasts. Visit their website at lisabrandt.ca.


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2011年4月27日 星期三

The Luxury Bedding Makeover System

A Step-by-Step Workbook To Dress Up a Beautiful Bed and Revamp Your Bedroom Decor. The guide helps simplify the complex task of setting up your bed to create a beautiful, personal and comfortable bedroom that is attractive as well as functional.


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2011年4月26日 星期二

From 1839 until now – a look at the history of solar panels


Solar panels are one of the most popular and affordable goods that homeowners can use to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Solar panels do not rely on the use of fossil fuels. Instead, they rely on Sun and copious amounts of solar radiation that reaches the Earth from the Sun.

While most people feel solar panels as a fairly recent development, which have a surprisingly long history in the world of science. Beginning with the discovery of the photovoltaic effect in 1839 to the creation of the first modern solar cells used in the 1950s and beyond. Photovoltaics is the science behind the solar panels. The photovoltaic effect was first discovered in 1839 by scientist Alexandre Edmond Becquerel. Is a physical method of using semiconductors for converting solar radiation into electricity.

Today the most common semiconductor used to create solar cells that make up the solar panels are the Silicon. The first process used to create Silicon was the Czochralski method. The method takes a Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, who used the first method to create single crystals of metal. The same method was used to create single crystal silicon. Silicon semiconductor is that, as already mentioned, enables you to create an electric current of solar radiation. Today, solar cells, monocrystalline and polycrystalline are most used two types of cells.

A cell is a small disc-shaped, square or "wafer" that consists of a semiconductor such as Silicon material. Solar cells are joined together to make a solar panel--hence the appearance of the grid solar panels. Some cells were created before the 1950s, but the first modern Silicon photovoltaics (another word for solar) cells that were actually used were developed in the 1950s.

Bell Labs produced cells that were used for various space missions, and in 1954 was also the first company to announce the invention of modern silicon cell. Their invention was presented to a National Academy of science meeting after the announcement. Well-known publication, the New York Times reported that the invention would become the wave of the future by harnessing "limitless energy of the Sun".

Bell Labs Silicon photovoltaic cell was about 6 percent efficient. In 1957 a photovoltaic cell 8 percent efficient. In 1960 a solar cell 14 percent efficient topped that, and so on is gone. Today, the maximum efficiency is achieved by about 42 percent. This number may seem low but is only representative of the energy conversion rate of a single solar cell. As already mentioned, many solar cells are combined to create a solar panel. Then the panels are grouped to create array systems that can feed an entire homes and commercial buildings.








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Classic Energy Videos - Free Energy Videos you haven't seen!

Most of these Classic Energy Videos are over 20 years old, and were produced before the "modern communication age". Never the less, they set the stage for the modern Free Energy movement that is gaining ground every day.


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2011年4月25日 星期一

Solar panels-renewable electricity or heating for your home


The Sun is not only the source of light, but also a source of energy. Plants use this energy of the Sun by a process known as photosynthesis. This energy is then stored in terms of biomass. Something similar to this is the technique used in the case of solar panels. This is a newly developed apparatus for producing solar energy from sunlight. There are mainly two ways that solar panels can help you in your home or Office-photovoltaic and water heating systems. The article further elaborates on these two.

Photo voltaic Panel module or

A photovoltaic module or Panel is composed of a number of inter-connected photovoltaic cells, also commonly called solar cells. These solar cells are placed on the Panel in the form of a wafer. These wafers are manufactured by a thin film of a very commonly used semiconductor, Silicon. Silicon has a special property of being extremely sensitive to sunlight. Then captures the energy carried by photons and then converts it into electricity. This energy is then stored in solar cells for future use. Diodes are also included in this type of solar panel to avoid overheating of the photovoltaic cells.

Solar panels have a higher initial cost, but require little maintenance except that need to be well protected by strong mechanical shocks as they are extremely fragile and delicate.

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

As the name suggests, these types of solar panels are used to collect heat from the Sun. This heat can then be used to heat water to produce water solar hated or can be used to boil water into steam which is in turn used to move the turbines and generate electricity. There are many types, but most commonly used are solar thermal collectors, flat-screen TVs as water heating systems.

This type consists of a flat sheet black well protected and isolated an element absorbent. In this paper are black absorber tubes which are hollow to carry water. When the Sun's rays hit the black sheet Panel and the pipes absorb heat and water flowing via simple convection. This solar-heated water then can be used for many purposes in homes or offices. Solar heating systems are widely used in many colder regions of the world.

Although thermal collectors are efficient in providing high temperature results may vary in the days of diffuse light that is cloudy.








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2011年4月24日 星期日

Oxo Good Grips Silicone Pastry Brush

Oxo Good Grips Silicone Pastry BrushSilicone Pastry Brush, Gaps In Center Bristles Hold Liquids For Easy Pickup & Release, Tapered Outer Bristles Glide Gently Over Pastries, Heat Resistant To 600 Degree Fahrenheit, Bristles Will Not Scorch, Clump Or Frizz, Easy To Clean.

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Self Adhesive Silicone Strapless Backless Nu Bra Style Available Cup Size: A, B, C or D Please Email me your size!

Self Adhesive Silicone Strapless Backless Nu Bra Style Available Cup Size: A, B, C or D Please Email me your size!Self Adhesive Silicone Strapless Backless Nu bra Style

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2011年4月23日 星期六

Our Ultimate Reality

Highly Acclaimed Reference For Wealth, Health, Meditation, Astral Projection, Spiritual Evolution And Much More. 572 pages. High conversions! Our Ultimate Reality has changed the lives of numerous people. Promote this book and provide a valuable service.


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2011年4月22日 星期五

Power Balance Bracelet Black/Black letters

Power Balance Bracelet Black/Black lettersPOWER BALANCE bracelets contain two Mylar Hologram's which are embedded with frequencies that react with your body's electro-magnetic field. When the static POWER BALANCE Hologram comes in contact with your body's energy field, it begins to resonate in accordance with each individual's biological energy system, creating a harmonic loop that optimizes your energy field, maintains maximum energy flow while it clears the pathways so the electro-chemical exchange functions like the well-tuned generator it was designed to be, resulting in immediate improved balance, increased core strength, greater flexibility, increased range of motion and overall well-being.

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2011年4月21日 星期四

Retire In Luxury For Pennies

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Daily view: what now for the economy of Japan?

A man watches a stock price board on a street Monday 14 March 2011 in Tokyo

Commentators discuss how coping of the Japanese earthquake.

Eamonn Fingleton predicts the new Republic will hurt the global economy, the earthquake. He gives the example of a small fire in the factory that previously "in niihama sent shocks through the world that the factory produced essential to making the most of the semiconductors resin:

"The destruction of the last week was very great deterioration of tsunamis in Japan, whereas a destroyed. In addition, the industry has changed dramatically during the last two decades. Technological progress and globalization both tended to encourage the production of specialized more and more. In a world where national markets are more difficult, for the latest net production processes, as well as the shareholders the most patient and bankers (such as Japanese), to win-while others fall on the side, it is not possible to finance the transition to the next stage of the technology. This concentration is dangerous: for this reason, it may return the case to a fire in the factory, niihama Japanese single brought an entire industry to its knees, hundredfold. "

Anatole Kaletsky says times combining tsunami, oil prices, European debt with conflicting ES can prove fatal:

"What makes all these risks particularly frightening is that at present the world economy is still in a State of recovery after the crisis of 2008-2009 and may be too weak to meet any of these shocks, all four together.
"The world is facing today, such as ?????"???? of ????"?? Hamlet, international leaders have no choice. They can do nothing and accept that the world economy to fatalistically hell. Or they take arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them ".

Editorial of the Telegraph claims ??????? global worldwide is irrational:

"While there are certain fears because of the supply chain of the dominant role in native Japan manufacturing car components computer, it is also the investment required to rebuild the regions ' will offer the required fiscal stimulus sorely. After the great earthquake that left Earth in 1995, Cuba's economy rebounded strongly. Here, at least, is the height of the potential money to this glittering cloud. "

Economist offers global investors may return to Japan in the long term:

"Some of the reaction in the market that is reflective of the uncertainty involved. As long as it is not clear what would be the total cost of the disaster, markets price in the possibility of the occurrence. If the worst does not occur, they snap back. And it is part of the response to the market situation is probably the panic created by a sharp fall in prices. It is possible to restore it. "

Financial times, Martin Wolf is convinced that Japan can recover from the earthquake:

"It is in adversity country shows its mettle. The Japanese would probably do just that, at the earliest opportunity. It is the leaders make the mettle of the people. If they can do this, from the disaster still possible of rebirth. "

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2011年4月19日 星期二

Cross Stitch Made Easy

Cross Stitch Made Easy: A Guide for Beginners ~ Get It Right the First Time, Every Time, is beautifully written and covers everything the novice stitcher wants to get started in this wonderful craft.


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2011年4月18日 星期一

Semiconductor parameter Analyzer for three types of critical semiconductor measurement – part III


One of the biggest challenges associated with DC I-V (C-V), integration capabilities and capacity measurement ultra-fast I-V into a single parametric test that the wiring loom is necessary for each type of measure is fundamentally different. Although the wiring from the bulkhead of semiconductor probe and continuous is quite simple, the wiring from the bulkhead for the probe tips can be confusing and difficult.

Wiring for several different sizes. DC-V measurements are made using four Triaxial cables. The guard is necessary to create measures of low-current-V, which makes use of Triaxial cables are required for these measurements. The measuring signal is carried forward to the Director of the center of the cable, the inner shield is guided as a guard for the signal and the outer shield is used for security to protect you from high voltages that can be applied to the signal conductors and guard. Four cables are needed in order to reach a remote sense, or Kelvin, connection to enable you to sense the voltage to the device with precision instrument.

Guard is a technique that minimizes errors and reduces scattering response time measurement. The guard consists of a conductor (shield) surrounding the lead of a high impedance signal and driven by a low source impedance. Stress guard is maintained close to potential or voltage signal.

C-V measurements are made using four coaxial cables. The outer shells are connected between them to control the characteristic impedance of that see the signals. Outer shells all four interrelated cables must be near the DUT. Typical wiring requirements for different types of measurements are listed below.

DC I-V measurements
Triaxial cables
Kelvin connections
Isolated, driven by reasons

C/LCR Measurement-V
coaxial cables
Kelvin connections
Shields attached to probe tips

Ultra-fast I-V measurements
coaxial cables
Connections-Kelvin
Shields attached to probe tips
Shields optionally linked to a probe tip

Measurements ultra-fast I-V require higher bandwidth of three measurement, then the cable must have characteristic impedance that matches the source impedance to prevent reflections off the DUT, which reflects the source. Ultra-fast I-V Test does not use a remote sense wire and is the only one of three types of linking the DUT measurement with external cable shield.

To meet the challenges created by different requirements for different types of wiring; a multi-measurement system wiring. These cables support I-V, C-V measurements and ultra-fast I-V. Their use reduces the burden on a test system, which would otherwise be forced to go through the laborious process of wiring connections from instrumentation prober whenever a new type of measurement is needed.

A good wiring kit maximizes signal fidelity by removing measurement errors that often result from poor cabling practices. When combined with a versatile parameter Analyzer, the user will be able to carry out three main types of measure required for semiconductor devices. Multi wiring with high performance-measurement is crucial for connecting various elements of a parameter for Analyzer Probe manipulators on a wafer prober, especially when you need to integrate accurate ultra-fast I-V measurements-V DC C-V and accuracy test system for high throughput

Conclusions
Ultra-fast I-V sourcing and measurement are the latest features to add to parameter integrated Analyzer systems. Modular architectures in these systems represent a convenient way to address new needs and technical testing as they emerge. Multi Measurement wiring with a wide signal bandwidth is crucial for high accuracy and throughput in these systems. Getting all of these features and ability to test a system that easily adapts to changing test needs makes the industry section of the capital investment of a semiconductor producer and improves ROI.








Lee Stauffer is a Senior marketing with Keithley Instruments in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, where he is responsible for developing and supporting products to research markets and semiconductor manufacturing. His formal education in electrical engineering and semiconductor physics of the device is completed by more than 20 years experience in semiconductor process and product engineering, design and characterization instrumentation device. He can be reached at 440-248-0400 or via email lstauffer@keithley.comto.


Support of Prometrix KLA-Tencor


Semiconductors are electronic components that make use of the electronic properties of semiconductor materials. Thermionic devices are being replaced by semiconductor materials in most applications. High vacuum devices semiconductor USES a solid state, rather than in its gaseous state or thermionic emission.

Semiconductor devices are built to be as individual and discrete devices. They are also designed and built to be integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are designed to have a few numbers to millions of devices manufactured and unified on a single substrate semiconductor .

Previously a semiconductor material Silicon has been used extensively due to the availability of raw materials at a relatively low price and the processing is also simple. Germanium has been widely used in the early months semiconductor 's, but it felt to be minor compared to silicone littler. Gallium arsenide is also widely used where high acceleration of primary devices. However, it was difficult to form a Boules of large diameter out of the material. Silicon carbide and Indium compounds such as Indium Arsenide, indium antimonide and Indium phosphide were also used.

The KLA-Tencor Prometrix are specifically designed for challenging applications of measurement of films which are available today. Advanced measurement capabilities and algorithms as scattering seedless simultaneous multi layer are used in the manufacture of equipment more effective. Reflectivity curves and range system allows the client to resist for use with l-line and UV steppers. This also allows the client to monitor changes and anti-reflective coating.

KLA-Tencor Prometrix RS75/TCA four point probe system consist of RS75/TCA model with a four-point probe and is fully automated with temperature compensation. The advantages of a temperature compensation includes variations in temperature can cause sheet resistance by as much as one percent per degree Celsius. Correction for these variations in temperature will have no effect on long-term repeatability, accuracy and matching system to System. Compensation of temperature contour maps 49 site can be obtained through a wafer manually loaded test in less than 60 seconds.

The System of Prometrix KLA-Tencor provides a throughput of over 100wafers per hour and up to 20 mm wafer. The speed of measurement is one second for each site. This system Prometrix is equipped with a precise sheet resistance measurement for monitoring wafer with increased speed. The speed to track wafers has improved dramatically over previous systems which offer great productivity in minimum time.

These systems of Prometrix are ideal for a wide range of applications of semi conductor processing such as ion implantation, diffusion, the mass in silicone, metal deposition, CMP, EPI, RTP, etc. The display system Prometrix includes maps, 3-Dimensional textures, and scans of diameter. These systems are smarten and attuned to compliant original how to overcome the existing system in terms of performance.








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2011年4月17日 星期日

Important facts about and uses of deionized water


Deionized water is also spelt deionized water or call. Another name that sounds a bit more understandable to many people is demineralized water. However, it is called or spelled, it means water which is extremely little ions or minerals in it. The ions are charged atoms. Atoms become charged after gain or lose at least one electron. A sodium atom (Na) becomes a sodium ion after losing an electron (Na +). An atom of chlorine (Cl) becomes a chloride ion (CL?) after gaining an electron. Metallic salts are composed of ions and molecules do not. That's why they're called Ionic compounds. The example was just as popular. Table salt is sodium chloride (NaCl) and is a popular household Ionic substance. For those who have forgotten the basic chemistry, NaCl is not composed of molecules of NaCl, but is actually composed of ions Na + and Cl-bound tightly together by electrostatic forces. However, water does the trick to separate ions. As table salt dissolves in water dissociates to its component ions. The same thing happens at any other salts in water and why water is a solvent, it is never found in pure form, but he always impurities. Filtration and chlorination of water can remove organic impurities and bacteria, but minerals may still be present. These minerals are present in the form of ions such as calcium (Ca ++) and magnesium (Mg ++), as well as chlorides, nitrates, and carbonates. If the water contains minerals and ions cannot be a health problem, has some drawbacks. For example, tap water, which has a lot of impurity ions leave blemishes or stains on the surfaces when used as a cleaning agent. This is where deionization steps.

Deionization is the process of removal of ionic impurities in the water. It is also called demineralization. In the industrial scene, this may involve two phases. The first phase removes positive ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. They are displaced by hydrogen ions (H +). The second step removes negative ions such as chloride, nitrate and sodium bicarbonate. These are then moved from hydroxyl ions (OH-). The resulting water teems with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, which fuse to form water molecule. Both stages use resin beads that serve as an ion-exchange site.

The resulting water is said to have no value of pH since there are no ions to measure the pH. However, water is stripped of its solvent ion is a more aggressive. If left in an open container, which sucks the carbon dioxide from the air. The result of an acidic solution, causing the water to take a lower pH value. However, the solution to the boiling point of heating can remove carbon dioxide and restore the quality of deionized water.

There are controversies about the effects of demineralized water to drinking. There is a fear that because it is too pure may actually be harmful to humans. Water extremely pure steal the body out of its electrolyte ions or useful. The issue with this statement is based on very little evidence.

Industrial purposes never deionized water can be rebutted. It supports extensive application in semiconductor industry, as it uses during processing and cleaning of materials as silicon wafer. The optical industry also relies on this type of high purity water, since the optical surfaces are supposed to be extremely clean as requirement for the coating. GLASSWARES laboratory are rinsed in water as tap water is never recommended for this purpose. Water that is free of ions is also used in car wash shops. It is also very suitable and is used in the cleanup. The effectiveness of this pure water as a cleaning agent due to its aggressiveness as a solvent, since water that does not contain dissolved ions will tend to draw solutes by ions or surrounding surfaces. This means that no spots or stains left on surfaces.

In addition, in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, water is often used because it does not contain impurities that can cause adverse reactions with other substances used in these products.








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2011年4月16日 星期六

A brief history on silicon chips


Most silicon chips are less than your finger nail, yet hidden ' brains ' are found within almost all electronic devices. These tiny slithers of material are proving to be a great influence on modern life compared to steam engine during the industrial revolution.

Silicon chips are used for a wide range of applications. They guide satellites in orbit near the Earth. Control signals and monitor train movements around rail networks. Registering and controlling the flow of money between banks, shops and housing cooperatives. You can even wake us up in the morning with a fresh pot of coffee. This revolution in electronic wizardry begins in 1948 at Bell Telephone Laboratories, USA. Here scientists research produced the first semiconductor transistor-a pea component created by adding impurities (implanted) in different sections of a crystal of pure silicon.

The new transistor performed the same function as old-fashioned tube valves-amplified or reinforced electrical signals fed them-but they took a lot less space and use much less energy. Semiconductor transistors soon began to replace the tube valves in all types of electronic equipment, radio set to computers. At first, the transistor is used as individual elements on printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, in 1958, Texas Instruments has developed a technique of manufacture separate elements on a single crystal of Silicon. Transistors, resistors, and many other elements were made with the addition of impurities in several sections of the Crystal. These new circuits were called integrated circuits (IC), and also the silicon wafers on which they were formed became known as a silicon chip.








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Pirates of Silicon Valley

Pirates of Silicon ValleyThis dramatization of the tangled history of Apple Computer and Microsoft, based on a book by Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, hits enough of the right notes to make its failures all the more frustrating. The script follows the entwined paths of Apple's Steve Jobs and Microsoft's Bill Gates with a pointed sense of the cultural divide between the hip, self-absorbed Apple cofounder and the brilliant alpha geek behind Microsoft's eventual software empire, contrasting the Mac's countercultural underpinnings with the PC's more strait-laced origins. But Pirates of Silicon Valley seemingly can't decide whether it wants to be a serious-minded history of these key figures in the personal computer revolution or a trashy wallow in the more ignoble foibles of its principals. As a result, it falls short of exacting history while never achieving the guilty pleasure it might have.

If Gates has become synonymous with corporate conquest at its most striking, Pirates' interest lies more with Jobs, given a nervous energy and flashes of adolescent selfishness by Noah Wyle, who benefits from a reasonable physical resemblance to the Apple chief. Eyewear and a comb-over do nearly as well for Anthony Michael Hall, who also grafts some of Bill Gates's better-known mannerisms onto his performance and renders Gates as a smart if socially maladroit entrepreneur who, like Jobs, provides the ambition and business savvy to exploit his partner's computing talents. There are a few fanciful touches (Ballmer and Wozniak become Greek choruses, addressing the viewer as they comment on the principals), but the story plays out in straightforward fashion. It's tantalizing to consider how the Apple/PC melodrama might have fared with an edgier, more openly satirical script. --Sam Sutherland

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2011年4月15日 星期五

GTMax Aluminum Unibody Apple MacBook / Pro / Air Silicone Keyboard Skin Cover - Red

GTMax Aluminum Unibody Apple MacBook / Pro / Air Silicone Keyboard Skin Cover - Red
  • Brand new GTMax keyboard cover.
  • Soft durable rubbery silicone material.
  • Perfect fit for your MacBook keyboard.
  • Protect keyboard against dust, dirt & liquid.
  • Reduce wear and tear on keyboard.
  • Color: Red
  • UPC Code:088515715206
  • Does not fit older generation MacBook / MacBook Air / MacBook Pro (released before June 2009).
    Compatibility

  • Aluminum Unibody Apple MacBook - 13.3" Display
  • Aluminum Unibody Apple MacBook Air - 13.3" Display
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2011年4月14日 星期四

Sell & recycle any USB storage device or Digital Camera Card & Save the environment


Synopsis: Sell/recycle any flash storage device that you have with flash-based memory. Any cards or USB sticks, digital camera cards as Secure Digital (SD), CompactFlash, SmartMedia, MiniSD, MicroSD, MMC and Multimedia Card. In general, any storage device that still works, or can also be broken.

Nowadays modern computers both portable and desktop computers come with built-in slot SmartMedia and not just at the corner of the world of desktop computers and laptops, but the ball pure digital camera, storage devices, based on flash today taking its monopoly is the ultimate "electronic film" with several advantages, quiet, faster, lighter, larger and with no moving parts; Moreover, it is overwritten.

Components: A SmartMedia or any flash memory card or USB device consists of Microchips to 1-4 NAND flash EEPROM. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory is a semiconductor chip nonvolatile memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered. Semiconductorthese are solid and its electrical conductivity can be checked statically or dynamically. Semiconductors are identical to, but they are insulators in Silicone and is the main raw material for all these microchips.

Semiconductors production and use of dangerous substances: materials preparation semiconductor requires high levels of chemical purity as well as a small existence of impurities can have large effects on the properties of the chips. Moreover, these materials must be doped with other elements to adjust its electrical response as a carrier current controlling the number and the allegations to be positive or negative.

Due to this requirement of high-purity chemical semiconductor devices require subjects must go through the processes of purification by the merger of King-solidification through several chemical reactions to produce these modern marvels.

More then eight weeks of production is required for the processing of these products through multiple chemical processes and disposition process such as chemical vapor deposition, chemical-mechanical planarization and ion implantation, etc. Altogether these USB devices and memory cards of digital camera (flash memory chip) must go though over 300 sequenced processing steps and eight or more levels of the main procedures of compounds.

In this process many toxic materials and harmful chemicals are used as a catalyst to purify them. These substances primarily as listed below are the major pollutants and are one of the leading causes of cancer and genetic diseases that we face today and our children will face tomorrow.
Poisonous elements such as arsenic, boron, antimony and phosphorus; poisonous compounds like arsine, phosphine and silane. Highly reactive liquids, such as hydrogen peroxide, fuming nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid.

Computer recycling and the environment

Today we eProvided.com 's are apprehensive about the wastes that are generated from electronic products. Those little silicon wafer that allow computers, digital cameras, gadgets, etc. to function, are insatiable abuser of chemicals, water, fossil fuels and gases such as nitrogen. Only to produce a single microchip semiconductor , requires more than three pounds of fossil fuels, nearly a quarter pound of toxic chemicals, seventy pounds of water and over a pound of nitrogen and all have direct negative effect & for our health; Also, are the first components for cancer, disorders of the nervous system, reproductive health and disfunctions.

Now Imagine, the total number of these cards were produced this year, 115.7 million in 2006 and 88. 2 million in 2005. Linear in this figure are the effects on the environment.

Therefore, if you are a user of SmartMedia, SD Card, CompactFlash cards, USB drives, USB Thumb drives, digital cameras and other devices including the latest gadgets and gizmos like MP3 players and Digital Voice Recorder, your liability for environmental risks today. These products all use flash memory chips in Silicon.

Instead of throwing these materials via anticipating it will organically rotted, remember to recycle or sell them for reuse.

eProvided.com is the company digital image recovery, providing a unique service for recovering data from devices to damage and help people around the world get their data trapped by their devices. eProvided now replaces the circuits and repairs and recovers data no matter what type of grave damage you have on any of your storage devices.

SD cards, USB thumb drives, USB sticks, CompactFlash, etc. Recycle your computer's storage devices.

Instead of trashing the damaged or older devices and increasing waste, reuse, donate or sell them to us at eProvided.com. eProvided.com and eProvided.com you help, heck you buy them.

eProvided.com sell your old storage devices and are damaged, including all types of flash based memory cards. Buy any USB stick or thumb drive, any flash based digital camera cards and other electronic gadgets such as digital voice recorders and MP3 players and mobile gizmos.

If you have any damaged or unused Silicones such as those mentioned above, let people know about it at eProvided.com. eProvided.com is also a company asset liquidation of computers and technology.

If you have too much of something, have no idea what to do with it, or simply have too much in General, we can remove your hands.








Authors: Bruce Cullen/Bharat Bista

Flash memory to recycle - sell Smartmedia - Recycle USB stick


Fabrication of semiconductor device


Manufacture ofsemiconductor is the process by which chips are made. These chips are ICS that are present in appliances, and electrical and electronic devices. The process of manufacture of semiconductor is more steps, during which a wafer is created using pure material that leads seeds. Usually Silicon is used to make integrated circuits. However, gallium arsenide and germanium are also used.

The whole manufacturing process takes six to eight weeks. This includes packing of the chips.

A wafer is composed of pure silicon ingots. These ingots are sliced into wafers of thickness 0.75 mm. Then they are polished to achieve a flat surface and even. After this, many steps are required to make this into an integrated circuit wafers.

By the time the chips went smaller and smaller, which leads to their being produced in clean rooms. These s clean roomare called fabs. Fabs are pressurized with filtered air to remove even the smallest particle as might rest on wafer and make it bad. People who work in manufacturing plants are kept constantly wearing clean room to protect the chip from contamination.

With the increased demand semiconductors, are now being manufactured in a number of countries such as Ireland, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, China and the United States. Intel is the leading producer in the world and has production plants in Europe, Asia and the United States. Other major semiconductormanufacturers are Samsung, Texas Instruments, Advanced Micro Devices, Toshiba, Semiconductor Taiwan Manufacturing Company, Sony Semiconductorand NXP.

According to us industry & Market Outlook, there are about semiconductor and 5,000 manufacturers of electronic components in the United States alone and contribute 165 billion dollars in terms of sales.








Check Out more articles:

Cause and effect of global warming, helping animals in danger of extinction, raising muskox endangered


2011年4月13日 星期三

Garmin 010-11280-00 Portable Friction Mount

Babies are attracted to -- and like to put their mouth on -- most anything within reach, including necklaces that may pose injury or sanitation risk. An ingenious design sure to please baby and Mom, the Teething BlingTM Necklace will be the most functional piece of jewelry you'll ever own! Teething Bling was inspired by babies who like to tug on our jewelry. It is the original patent-pending teething jewelry. It is made from the same material as many teething toys, and the Teething Bling necklace looks great on Moms, Grandmas, Aunts and Caregivers but is safe for curious babies to handle and chew. A black silky necklace cord holds a jade colored teething ring made of the highest-quality, phthalate-free, federally-approved silicone. The material is non-toxic, latex-free, food safe, and dishwasher-friendly. Teething ring measures 2" dia (5 cm). Double cord measures 14" L (36 cm) and breakaway clasp closes behind the neck. Teething Bling products are non-toxic, phthalate, BPA, PVC and lead free and all pendants come with a breakaway clasp.

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2011年4月12日 星期二

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To buy solar panels: what you should know


A solar cell is any device that converts energy into light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic process. The term literally means photovoltaic electricity. This created the first solar cell was made by selenium, but was very inefficient. The silicon solar cell was invented by Bell Labs in the 1950s, half originally designed for their industry. semiconductor . This process was the basis for all solar cell technologies.

In the 1950s, the solar panels were extremely inefficient-less than 2% efficiency rate. Modern systems are currently using photovoltaic thin film processes and technologies to effectively clear the output more than 20% efficiency. Due to the high cost of solar panels in 1960 most Sun products were reserved for the use of satellite technologies, Government, and space exploration. However, solar technology today can be found everywhere in both commercial and residential applications. The following is a list of descriptive based on solar cell technologies.

Polysilicon cells are cut by mudslides from molten Silicon boule and then cooled. Polycrystalline silicon cells are then developed into crystals that grow in different directions. These types of Silicon are slightly less efficient than monocrystalline. They are also considerably less expensive.

Monocrystalline silicon provides maximum efficiency of all kinds available but also the most expensive, therefore, is not necessarily the best choice for all houses. These types of Silicon are among the oldest, most common and most steadfast of technologies. They are visible on rooftops or along roadsides carrying power to isolated areas. Each unit is designed with a single crystal of silicon and tends to be more efficient and more costly than the modern unit of cheaper polysilicon. Ensnaring energy surfaces are silk screened cover of silicon wafer and solar cells are produced from there. Solar panels for homes using cells in monocrystalline silicon provide the highest efficiency available in the market today.

Unclassified Silicon is used to save on materials, but it is a very low quality and unclean and also produces a less-efficient solar panel. This process is widely used in Canada and sold to the United States and European markets.

Ribbon Silicon is created through a process that cost much less manufacturing techniques of traditional. Silicon in this process is made of tiny wafer, which helps to avoid the more expensive process of sawing the silicon to create cells. The growing edge defined film fed method starts with two seed crystals, forming a thin layer of Silicon-Silicon Ribbon. And though much less expensive to produce, the efficiency of the cell is almost always reduced.

Thin film solar panels or amorphous solar panels are not set in any standard precise and sometimes have problems with stability or structure. They are manufactured by spraying Silicon in a liquid on a glass substrate. The movie is far less expensive to produce but it is also less efficient as it degrades a lot when first exposed to light.

Solar technology of cadmium tellurium is another process resulting in less efficient panels that do not use silicon. It is created using a combination of zinc, cadmium and tellurium. Unfortunately the cadmium used is extremely toxic and causes cancer, that elevates concern in circles but is toxic when inhaled powder or cadmium is digested.








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2011年4月11日 星期一

Silipos Softzone Pure Gel Gel Metatarsal Pad #10465

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2011年4月10日 星期日

The future of semiconductor ETFs

Semiconductor and exchanged scholarship (FNB) companies reported solid gains for their last quarter, but they may be faced with headwinds that certain factors could affect the industry. [Semiconductor ETFs Power Up.]


The Japan manufacturing plants have been closed or reduced due to the earthquake and tsunami affecting supply chains around the world.? Nearly 25% of the capacity for the production of semiconductors in the world is in the Japan and more than 60% of silicon chips created platelets from are manufactured in the Japan, reports Michelle Maisto for eWeek.com.? However, many companies affected by the disaster to the Japan also have manufacturing operation at other locations around the world.? This makes the impact of disturbance on the uncertain output.? IPad Apple 2 began shipping 25 additional countries, even if the five components are manufactured in the Japan.? This move to enter markets more shows that apple is confident in the inventories and production of components. [Semiconductor ETFs: cheap.]


There may even be a glut of supply with the launch of iPad 2 around the world. The product was a success and will set the top bar for all other products in the future tablet. Supply could compensate for the demand that competition is intensifying in the short term.


Companies have cash, and they seem to be spending on technology, that technology companies are reporting better than expected numbers.? Oracle (ORCL) is regarded as a bellwether of tech spending large companies and their profits increased by 78%.? Micron (MU), a semiconductor manufacturing company, had a jump of 15% in the second quarter of the income.

iShares SOX PHLX semiconductor sector Index Fund (NasdaqGM: SOXX) -up 1.8% in the past 10 dayssemiconductor HOLDRs (SMH) - up to 1.8% in the past 10 days
Direxion daily semiconductor Bull x 3 shares (NYSEArca: SOXL) -up 5.6% in the past 10 days

For more information about this sector, please visit our technology and semiconductor category.


Tisha Guerrero has contributed to this article.


The views and opinions expressed here are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc..

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2011年4月9日 星期六

Make your own Solar Panel-the science behind it


If you are interested in learning how to make your own Solar Panel, its interesting to know how photovoltaic solar cells actually work-i.e. the science behind it!

Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are produced by thin silicon wafers that are interconnected to form a solar panel. When exposed to sunlight, the cells convert sunlight directly into energy in the form of electricity. When a number of these panels is connected together, form a solar array that is the main component of a solar powered system.

Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials such as Silicon exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect. This property causes the material to absorb photons of light and release electrons. The resulting electric current is collected and used as electricity.

The French physicist, Edmund Becquerel first observed the photoelectric effect in 1839 when he discovered that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. It is perhaps more familiar with his son Henri Becquerel who discovered radioactivity and that the unit of measurement of radioactivity, the Becquerel.

The first photovoltaic module was made by Bell Laboratories in 1954. At that time, and was called a solar battery and was too expensive for widespread use. Like many other things in common use today, the Advanced photovoltaic cell space, therefore age. As technology advanced, the cost had declined and so did the accessibility. After the 1970s energy crisis, PV technology has gained recognition as a serious source of power for non-space applications.

The photovoltaic cell, or solar cell is better known as, is usually made of the same silicon chip used in semiconductor . Solar cell consists of a semiconductor thin wafer which is specially treated to form an electric field, positive on one side and negative on the other. When the Sun or other light hits the solar cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms semiconductor material. The two sides of the wafer are linked to form an electrical circuit. These electrons are then caught in the shape of an electric current (electricity). This electricity can be used to power the lights on your House or television.

In order to produce a realistic amount of electricity to the House, a number of solar cells is electrically connected to each other and mounted in a frame which is known as a photovoltaic module. The resulting current depends directly on how much light hits the module.

To make your own Solar Panel, these modules are then in turn connected together to form an array. These arrays can be connected in series or parallel arrangements to produce any combination of electric current and voltage required.








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Hopefully this article will stimulate your interest for make your own Solar Panel for your home.


2011年4月8日 星期五

Clean elections always running?

IN MAINE POLITICSMarch 28

Today is a great day for all things relating to public funding of the elections.

Legislative Committee on veterans and Legal Affairs hearings on eight campaign finance is bills, including one that would the Maine clean election Act repeal.

Also today, hear States Supreme Court United oral arguments in McComish versus Bennett, a case that could topple system for providing matching funds for candidates to Arizona. All States similar to Arizona's system of the Maine.

Maine clean elections program provides legislative and gubernatorial elections, candidates the possibility of using public funds for their campaigns, but revenue from private sources.

It seems that the law to survive is applied to legislative race. Eventually, most led lawmakers in both parties as clean candidates.

But seems it to his momentum, applied to gubernatorial elections race to change the law. Critics argue that the law has had only slightly at the top of the ticket. In addition, the Act applies not to political action committees, which play a major role to gubernatorial elections race.

The $ 7.4 million in public funds by Governor candidates in the last three election cycles, used candidates who are less than 20 percent of the vote won 70 percent of the money.

In fact, no publicly funded candidate for the Office has made ever more than 30 percent of the vote.

Open for business

After Governor Paul LePage installed a "open for business" sign to 95 in Kittery, some people wondered if the sign was installed on the right border. The character was finally produced by a company in Alabama.

Cynthia rose, the Knox County tea party activist, a fundraising effort led, to sign, to buy, it said beginning saw for a Maine business, to make the characters, but could not find that the characters, from which Maine Department of transportation could meet specifications.

So she ordered the characters from rice signs of Auburn, Ala. The company makes signs for highway departments across the nation.

Rosen, who was the Knox County Coordinator of the campaign for LePage said she and her husband John Stewart, the money for the 8-foot by 4 foot signs, raised the $1,376.73 shipping costs, incl..

The couple has $310 which they intend to be desired, use to reimburse the State for installation costs.

Rosen said the characters for LePage's inaugural events can it a Maine company, a highway can create characters, but they had quickly work ready.

"We a company in the State could not find, and time was ticking," she said.

You and Stewart decided more than a year ago to raise money for the characters say after LePage in a forum, that he would build such characters in Kittery, if elected.

She said that an important symbol for the changes, the LePage provincial government wants to bring the characters.

"It seemed only as a tangible expression of the importance of which could change," she said.

Unusual case for Ethics Committee

An unusual situation, a former Ethics Commission employees and a former legislator will examine Thursday the State Ethics Commission.

Republic Patricia Jones, D - Mount Vernon, her son fly a few days before the election of November asked in Maine from Chicago to their campaign. Jones, an incumbent was a tough race with Republican Dennis Keschl, the ultimately her defeat her re-election bid.

After the election called Jones the Ethics Commission staff to see whether it would be OK to clean choice money use to sign up for the $395.80-to refund tickets. It has been said, it was allowed, so she used the financing and reported it to the Commission as an expenditure.

It turns out, Jones was ill advice given by a former employee.

It not in the guidelines of a "campaign expenditure," fits Ethics Commission Executive Director Jonathan Wayne wrote in a memo.

"We consider the purchase of airline tickets as unnecessary and very rare for a legislative campaign," he wrote. "We are not another instance of a legislative candidate for flight pay, since candidates spending in a database in 2002 included were aware."

Wayne asked the five-Member Ethics Panel to decide whether Jones should reimburse the State for the money, even if a member of his staff gave their bad advice.

"Employees of the Commission regrets that a former employee mistakenly advised Mrs Jones after the parliamentary elections that they could use MCEA funds to reimburse themselves," wrote Wayne. "We accept that there could be reasons for an exception in this case."

The Commission will include, Thursday the matter, together with other business at 9 am.

Joke with Howie Carr

LePage launched, to talk show host Howie Carr's radio show on WRKO last week on the day when taken the message that he was ordering an edit mural of State Department of labor be removed.

In addition, it wants to be renamed conference rooms named after State and national leaders. Carr proposed that a room could be named after him.

"Governor, you need the name of the native Maine, which belong to a Union, to the if you looking for candidates, one of this rooms according to me, you", Carr said. "I would like to Cesar Chavez take room as my own be."

Later, other possible room names joked the men over.

"How about a type of food Maine famous for how a dough of fried clam room immersed", Carr said.

LePage replied: "clam rooms, the lobster, Blueberry, cranberry."

"Now we have this great battle on the treatment and dessert, perhaps we give each of them a room," said LePage.

Worst road

The Maine better transportation Association looking for nominations for the 2011 "Worst road in Maine" competition.

The winner will receive a gift certificate for $250 in the auto repair. After one is how much extra the average Mainer annually for repairs due to the harsh streets pays.

Competition rules and entry forms are available at Www.FixMaineRoads.org.

State House Bureau authors Tom Bell and Susan M. cover contributed to this report.

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2011年4月7日 星期四

How to build solar panels


The basic components of photovoltaic solar modules are not building a simple process; in fact, making effective solar cells from scratch it is practically impossible without the use of high-tech tools. You can put together easily enough solar panels once you have cells, but the production of solar cells themselves is a very complex process. (By the way, the word "photovoltaic" is a fancy word for the process by which sunlight is converted directly into electricity).

A cell is born

The same is the photovoltaic cell that converts sunlight into electricity. It has many other uses as well; can be used in surveillance equipment that allow law enforcement to "see" through walls by detecting infrared radiation, as well as other types of electromagnetic radiation. It can also be used to measure the intensity of the light and thus help photographers calibrate their cameras and to measure some chemical reactions in laboratory conditions.

The first step in creating a solar panel is to get semiconductora. Usually, this is pure silicon, which is produced by Quartz. The Silicon is melted and combined with traces of boron or phosphorus, then allowed to cool in a block. This block is then cut into thin wafers and the surfaces are carefully engraved and clean.

The next step is to put these wafers in what is known as a diffusion furnace. This exposes the wafer to very high temperatures, which cause the formation of a semiconductortype n. The "N" in this case stands for "Negative"; This heat treatment creates an abundance of negative electrons, that is what helps produce current when direct sunlight hits the surface.

But wait-we are not finished yet! The surface of the wafer must be painted with an anti-reflective coating. After all, we want our photovoltaic cell to absorb sunlight, bouncing back into space! Once this happens, the electrical contacts are imprinted on top.

What is missing? Ah, Yes ... the type p or positively charged surface. This is created on the bottom or on the back of the photovoltaic cell, using a form of aluminum.

Put together

Once the cell has been tested, is connected with other cells to make photovoltaic solar panels. Now you can appreciate why these little devils are so expensive to produce. The good news is that new technologies – particularly nanotech, or the use of microscopic machines built at the molecular level-dramatically is lowering the cost of this process.








Wayne Hemrick writes about- solar panels.


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2011年4月6日 星期三

How to work the pressure sensors? -Important information on these devices is vital


This article offers some vital information to answer the question about "how pressure sensors work?" It also provided data on possible applications of pressure transducers. There are many applications of these devices, especially in the industrial setting, although they are also useful in monitoring the pressure in the tyres of cars. A common design for them, such as pressure sensors Keller, is one that makes use of Piezoresistive materials. These materials have the unusual feature that changes resistance correspondingly by force or pressure that is applied on them. These materials are the key element of the sensors, which is the sensing diaphragm. This diaphragm is designed so that its movement depends on the amount of pressure is applied. However, it is also common for people to investigate "as pressure sensors work?," because they realize that part of the systems to continuously monitor the pressure of the tyres.

For those who are inquiring "how pressure sensors work?" and I am also interested on mechanisms of tire pressure sensor, this is a type of technology that is designed for security. Warning to the driver in case of a low pressure. This type of system (TPMS) tire pressure monitoring was tasked by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for all vehicles that are sold after 2008. There are two categories for the TPM and these are the direct and indirect systems. The direct TPMS has installed for each tyre constantly monitor the pressure of tyre pressure transducers. However the PGT indirect calculates the air pressure in pneumatic measuring the other variables, including the tyre revolution per minute.

Can be of various kinds and include the differential gauge, Piezoresistive, air, digital pressure sensor and absolute vacuum. However, one of the most common projects using Piezoresistive materials, which means that the current is directly proportional to the applied pressure. The material is normally used is semiconductor Silicon. Several thin silicon wafers are placed in between protective materials.

So, how do pressure sensors work when they are applied in particular to ensure that the car tire pressure range correct? Well, there are two fundamental components of direct TPM and these are the radio transmitter for sending information to the computer of the vehicle and the pressure sensor is inserted inside the rim of the tire. Radio transmission is through the antenna of the car, which detects signals and then route them to the central control system. However, the indirect type of TPM, pressure transducers are not needed. The amount of pressure in the tires is estimated by determining the diameter of the tyre. In turn, the diameter of the tyre shall be calculated using the rotation speed as input. If the computer detects a bit faster rotation speed for one of the tires, warns the driver that this particular tire has a low air pressure, because it has a smaller diameter.








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2011年4月5日 星期二

For semiconductor reopens 2 facilities in Japan

He said late Thursday in semiconductor that two previously closed wafer-fabrication plants was again after the restoration of power and other services in Japan.


On, based in Phoenix, is one of a handful of local companies hit hardest by the disaster in Japan after a 11 March earthquake and tsunamis.


The company said production was started by ramping up to full recovery to a fab holds the Aizu, and Sanyo Semiconductor one manages to Gunma. For purchased Sanyo Jan. 1, and operates as an independent section.


The two companies have about 6,000 employees in Japan. There were no physical injuries from the earthquake.


Together, ON and Sanyo operate four wafer fabs and two test and Assembly facilities in Japan.


"All the company's wafer fabs and back-end facilities are open and functioning," the company said on its website.


This week, said revenues could drop by as much as 4 percent during the first quarter due to disruption of electricity and other services in Japan.


Last year, produced and transported more than 38 million units. Less than 1 percent of the devices were produced in an establishment of Aizu.


Many other establishments in Japan with ties to Metro Phoenix remained closed Friday.


The semiconductor segment, which has a large presence in Chandler and Tempe, said Thursday that the plant in Sendai, the nearest to the epicentre of the earthquake fab, remained closed.


"Since the initial earthquake, the loss of energy, gas, water and wastewater and other disorders associated with earthquake continue to complicate our estimate of the damage," Rich Beyer, Department Chairman and CEO, wrote in a letter to its customers. "These challenges are exacerbated by more than 600 aftershocks, many posting to a magnitude of 6.0 or greater."


Beyer said the company the gradual progress in the evaluation of the impact of losses.


2010 Department announced that it planned to close the factory in Sendai during the fourth quarter of 2011. Pending that, Beyer said the company had build large stocks and provided for use for short-term supply gaps.


This has also relocation in factories in Chandler and Texas.


"At this moment, we see potential vulnerabilities from major world suppliers supply the final manufacturing materials, including mold, substrates and the lead," Beyer wrote.


The company also said it had set up a foundation in support of relief for workers and their families in Japan.


According to based on the website of Chandler Amkor Technology Inc., a semiconductor packaging, installing in Kitakami remained closed.


2010 Japan accounted for 13.9 percent of total revenue world-electronic equipment factory, according to a preliminary assessment of the IHS iSuppli. This includes manufacturing all electronic equipment, including computers, consumer-electronics and communications gear. Japan produced 216.6 billion dollars worth of electronic equipment in 2010, compared to 1.6 trillion dollars worldwide.


Reach the journalist john.yantis@arizonarepublic.com. or at 602-444-group.


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Loss control techniques in Nanometer CMOS

Among the different leakage currents in the nanometer CMS, the subthreshold and gate leakage are the most dominant. While the latter is mainly due to electron tunnelling from the gate to the substrate, the former is caused by many other factors. As a result, the leakage control techniques to be discussed will focus more on subthreshold currents. Over the years, many techniques have been developed to reduce the subthreshold currents in both the active and standby modes in order to minimize the total power consumption of CMOS circuits.


While the standby leakage currents are wasted currents when the circuit is in idle mode where no computation takes place, the active leakage currents are wasted current when the circuit is in use. Generally, reduction of leakage currents involves application of different device and circuit level techniques. At the device level, it involves controlling the doping profiles and physical dimensions of transistors while at the circuit level, it involves the manipulation of threshold voltage (Vth) and source biasing of the transistor.


A. Circuit Level Leakage Control Techniques


i) Multi Vth Techniques
This technique involves fabrication of two types of transistors, high Vth and low Vth transistors, on a chip. The high Vth is used to lower the subthreshold leakage current, while the low Vth is used to enhance performance through faster operation. Obtaining these different types of transistors is done through controlled channel doping, different oxide thickness, multiple channel lengths or multiple body biases. Notwithstanding, with technology scaling and continuous decrease in the supply voltage, the implementation of the high Vth transistor will become a major practical challenge.


Dual threshold method
In logic circuits, leakage current can be reduced by assigning higher Vth to devices in non-critical paths, while maintaining performance with low Vth in the critical paths. This technique is applicable to both standby and active mode leakage power dissipation control. It ensures that the circuit operates at a high speed and reduced power dissipation.


Multi-Threshold Voltage Method
This method uses a high Vth device to gate supply voltage from a low Vth logic block thereby creating a virtual power rail instead of directly connecting the block to the main power rail. The high Vth switches are used to disconnect the power supplies during the standby state, resulting in very low leakage currents set by the high Vth of the series logic block. In active mode operation, the high Vth transistors are switched on and the logic block, designed with low Vth, operates at fast speed.


This enables leakage current reduction via the high Vth and enhanced performance via the low Vth block. Alternatively, this system could be implemented with a high Vth NMOS transistor connected between the GND and the low Vth block. The NMOS transistor insertion is preferred to the PMOS since it has a lower ON-resistance at the same width and consequently can be sized smaller. The use of these transistors increases circuit delay and area. Besides, to retain data during standby mode, extra high Vth memory circuit is needed.


Variable Vth Method
This is a method mainly used to reduce standby leakage currents by using a triple well process where the device Vth is dynamically adjusted by biasing the body terminal. Through application of maximum reverse biasing during the standby mode, Vth is increased and the subthreshold leakage current minimized. In addition, this method could be applied in active mode operation to optimize circuit performance by dynamically tuning the Vth based on workload requirements. Through this tuning capability, the circuit is able to operate at the minimal active leakage power.


Dynamic Vth Method
This is a method used in active mode operation to control the leakage current in a circuit based on the desired frequency of operation. The frequency is dynamically adjusted through a back-gate bias in response to workload of a system. At low workload, increasing the Vth reduces the leakage power.


ii) Body Bias Control
Body biasing a transistor is an effective way of reducing both the active and standby leakage through its impact of increasing the threshold voltages of the MOS transistors. By applying a reverse body bias, the Vth is increased and subsequently reduces the subthreshold leakage currents. This could be done during standby mode by applying a strong negative bias to the NMOS bulk and connecting the PMOS bulks to the VDD rail. Body biasing is also used to minimize DIBL effect and Vth-Rolloff associated with SCE. The Variable Threshold CMOS technique described above utilises body biasing to improve circuit performance. It is important to note that the Vth is related by the square root of the bias voltage implying that a significant voltage level would be needed to raise the Vth. This could be a potential challenge in the UDSM where the supply has been severely scaled down.


iii) Minimum Leakage Vector Method
The fundamental concept in this technique is to force the combinational logic of the circuit into a low-leakage state during standby periods. This state enables the largest number of transistors to be turned off so as to reduce leakage and make use of multiple off transistors in stacks.


iv) Stack Effect-based Method
The "stacking effect" is the reduction in subthreshold current when multiple transistors connected in series (in a stack) are turned off. The transistor stacking increases the source bias of the upper transistors in the stack as well as lowers the gate-source voltage (Vgs) of these transistors. All these effects contribute to lower subthreshold leakage current in the circuit. Minimizing leakage through transistor stacking depends on the pattern of the input sequence during standby periods as it determines the number of OFF transistors in the stack.


Finding the low leakage input vector involves either a complete enumeration of the primary inputs or random search of the primary inputs. While the former is used for small circuits, the latter is applied for more complex circuits. The idea is to use the input vector to determine the combination that results to the least leakage current. When the input vector is obtained, the circuit is evaluated and if necessary, additional leakage control transistors are inserted in series at the non-critical paths to be turned OFF during the standby mode.


B. Device Level Leakage Control Techniques


Silicon-on-insulator (SOI): This is a non-bulk technology that builds transistors on top of insulating layer instead of a semiconductor substrate. Using insulating layer reduces parasitic capacitance, which results to higher operational speed and lower dynamic power dissipation in integrated circuits. Though the early SOI used crystals like sapphire, emerging technologies favour the use of silicon wafer, making it economically attractive. The ITRS 2005 projects the use of Ultra-thin body (UTB) SOI by 2008 to manage the increasing effects of leakage.


Double Gate MOSFET (DG-MOS): In traditional bulk and SOI devices, immunity from SCE like Vth-rolloff and DIBL requires increasing the channel doping to enable reduction of the depletion depth in the substrate. The inherent drawbacks to this approach are increased substrate-bias sensitivity and degraded subthreshold swing. By replacing the substrate with another gate to form a double gate MOSFET, short channel immunity is achieved with an ideal subthreshold swing.


Separation by Implantation of Oxygen (SIMOX): This is a more modern and elegant technique for making the SO1 structure by implanting heavy doses of oxygen directly into a silicon substrate. The wafer is then annealed at very high temperatures, which induces oxide growth below the wafer surface and pushes a top layer of silicon on the top. The resulting SOI consumes lesser power than the bulk technologies. Other methods used in device level control include retrograde doping and halo doping.


In addition to the two techniques discussed above, system and architectural level techniques are also used in leakage reduction. This technique could involve designing the system architecture so that it operates at low voltage. The underlining strategy is that when the system operates at low voltage, it reduces both the static and dynamic power consumption and consequently minimizes the leakage power. One of the ways of doing this is to design the system using pipeline architecture. With pipelining, it is possible to operate the system at lower voltage without performance degradation.


The penalty for this technique is extra hardware required for pipelining. Another method is threshold voltage hopping. This involves the use of software to dynamically control the threshold voltage of transistors based on the workloads of the system. By adjusting the threshold voltage in this way, high percentage power savings could be realised in a system. Furthermore, reduction in supply voltage is also a good technique to reduce leakage power. By lowering supply voltage, the source-drain voltage is reduced. This has the effect of minimizing DIBL, gate and subthreshold leakage currents.


Dr. Ndubuisi Ekekwe blogs at Nkpuhe- a revelation on Africa, http://goafrit.wordpress.com.

2011年4月4日 星期一

Sharp increase in prices of memory chips in Japan quake aftermath

ComputerWorld-prices of DRAM and NAND flash memory chips shot up Monday after earthquake and tsunamis in Japan as the markets appear concerned fabrication plant shutdowns, interruptions and shortages of supply chain.

DRAM spot prices surged by as much as 7.56% and the 20 and 48% for NAND flash memory chip, according to DRAMExchange.

Japan accounts for 35,7% of world production of NAND flash and DRAM 13,6%, according to DRAMExchange's parent company, TrendForce.

Manufacturing facilitiesThe locations of major electronics manufacturing plants in Japan compared with the epicenter of the quake 8,9 magnitude of last week. (Image by DRAMExchange)

According to a survey of supply chains by TrendForce chip fabrication facilities, have been affected by "serious" 8,9 magnitude quake and subsequent tsunami. As a result, Japan is facing major obstacles for an economic resurgence, the company said.

For example, semiconductor Shin-Etsu and SUMCO have terminated production in silicon wafer fabrication facilities because of equipment damage and power outages. Shin-Etsu Semiconductor is a supplier to large silicon wafer manufacturers Toshiba and Elpida Memory.

Toshiba NAND flash production has experienced only one minor hit, "according to DRAMExchange, but because of the impact on traffic and supplies of raw materials, Toshiba continues to be the evaluation of effects.

"Due to the proximity of the epicenter, the manufacture Iwate Prefecture will be seriously affected. production plants in Kawaguchiko area is memory with minor damage, "said the DRAMExchange.

TrendForce reported continuing problems at nuclear plants, including the shutdown of the main unit 1, Fukushima, Japan. "The inhabitants near Fukushima 1 power station was eliminated. Have an additional unit, unit # 1 and # 3 of the plant have been delivered with boric acid, so that these two units is now completely obsolete, "it said.

"The supply of Northeastern Japan has become a huge issue," said TrendForce. "As a result, the provision for silicon wafer will be significantly reduced, which will cause the global semiconductor players outside of Japan to compete for material."

On Friday, semiconductor market research firm iSuppli expressed similar concerns that silicon wafer production will suffer after the earthquake and tsunamis.

NAND flash memory makers Samsung and Hynix have ceased to provide price information for the spot. Samsung is the largest supplier of NAND flash chips in the world. Spot prices for NAND flash and DRAM in China have started also increase because the offer is likely to be affected, said TrendForce.

Toshiba, SanDisk manufacturing facilities and two large, Fab 4 and Fab 3, 800 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake and production in these sites is described as "thin". According to an official declaration of SanDisk, paused and production staff was hurt in the quake, said TrendForce.

Lucas mearian covered storage, disaster recovery and business continuity, financial services and healthcare IT infrastructure for Computerworld. Follow Lucas in Twitter on Twitter @ lucasmearian or subscribe to Lucas Mearian RSSRSS feed. E-mail address is lmearian@computerworld.com.

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2011年4月3日 星期日

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2011年4月2日 星期六

Eczema Diet Secrets

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2011年4月1日 星期五

MACD distributed upward for the Varian semiconductor

Varian semiconductor(NasdaqGS: VSEA - News) indicator MACD has moved upward territory with a reading of 0.5656. The stock of Zacks # 1 rank ("Strong Buy") increased slightly to $48.23 in morning trade. The Zacks Consensus estimate on the income of the company for the year ending September 2011 increased 3 cents from a month to $4.09 per action.


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Solar energy – when Will It be convenient for the average homeowner?

Introduction:


Global warming impact to our quality and cost of living is large and very catastrophic. Homeowners are well aware of the increasing energy costs to heat, cool and illuminate their homes. The increasing costs of oil and other fossil fuels are daily headlines. The insatiable demand for energy to fuel world growth guarantees that the cost of these limited fuels will continue to increase. Political/economic forces will determine the rate of increase for fossil fuels. In addition, the increasing cost of global warming using fossil fuels is slowly being recognized.


The world is slowly beginning to understand the urgent need for renewable energy sources. However, each of these alternative energy sources brings major advantages and disadvantages. An example is wind generated energy. Wind energy is available to the whole world and generates electricity competitively with fossil fuels. The technology is understood and easy to apply. But, there are big objections to a windmill in "my back yard". Also, the number of birds and bats that will be crushed with wind power generation is not a warming thought. Wind technology will be a component of our energy solution. However, because of the above concerns, we need other major solutions to meet our demand for energy sources.


This search leads us to solar energy. The amount of sun energy striking our world in one day is sufficient to supply our energy demands for a year. We will not run out of this source in the foreseeable future. The major barrier to harnessing solar energy has been cost and convenience. For example, drying clothes in a dryer is easier than hanging clothes on an outside line, thus convenience precluded efforts to find more energy efficiency. We can convert solar energy to electricity but with a major capital cost. Greater acceptance and use of solar energy will lead to lower cost.


Solar Energy:


Energy from solar energy can be divided into two major categories:


Passive Solar Energy: This technology ranges from clothes drying in the sun to solar heating for hot water and many other passive techniques. All are important for our present and future quality of life. The technology is well understood and can be implemented as economics and space conditions allow.


Active Solar Energy: One of the active solar energy technologies is converting solar energy directly into electricity. It is called photovoltaic cell or PV. This is a device that converts light into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first working solar cells were constructed by Charles Fritts in 1883. These prototype cells were made of selenium and achieved efficiencies around one percent. The silicon solar cell was created in 1954. The solar cell has benefited from the development of silicon semiconductors.


Physics of Active Solar Energy:


The physics of photon to electricity conversion is well understood by physicists. The basic model is of a photon from the sun which strikes the cell material and excites electrons that emit electricity. This model is simple compared to the complexity of modern day semiconductors. The major variables of PV electrical generation are cell material and impurities in the cell material.


Manufacturing Technology for Active Solar Energy:


Primarily single crystal, high purity silicon has been used to generate photon to electricity conversion. The manufacturing techniques for single crystal silicon and limited quantities of pure silicon impose a high cost for PV devices. Shortages of refined silicon have been hampering production worldwide since late 2004. This shortage persists to this date and has slowed PV growth. New materials are starting to come forward which should lower the PV materials hurdle.


Efficiency growth of Active Solar Energy:


Since the silicon PV invention in 1954, cheaper fossil fuel prices largely removed solar power from the public consciousness. Annual growth of electrical generation by PV ranged from 10 to 20% percent throughout the 1980's and 1990's. Worldwide installation of PV reached 1000 megawatts in 1999. Manufacturing costs for PV arrays has been dropping 3 to 5% over the recent years. This cost drop began to expand the use of PV electricity generation. Total peak power of installed PV was around 6000 megawatts at the end of 2006. Installed PV is projected to increase to over 9,000 megawatts in 2007. The average lowest retail cost of large photovoltaic arrays has declined from $7.50 to $4.00 per watt between 1990 and 2005.


PV materials have also been improving in recent years. The most recent materials approach is to process discrete cells on silicon wafers cut from multi crystalline ribbons which form thin films. This approach is the least expensive of known technologies. This group of technologies includes amorphous silicon cells deposited on stainless-steel ribbon, cadmium telluride (CdTe) cells deposited on glass, and copper indium gallium dielenide (CIGS) alloy cells deposited on either glass or stainless steel substrates. The efficiencies of these new materials are currently at 20%. Many researchers are working to improve the efficiencies. An added advantage of the new thin films is that they are flexible and are currently being used in roofing materials.


Current Trends in Generating Active Solar Energy:


Commercial businesses like Google, IBM, BJ's Wholesale, Estee Lauder, Kohls, Target, Tiffany & Co., Wal-Mart are installing PV solar energy. From "big box" discount giants to high end commercial businesses PV solar energy is finding acceptance in 2007. The most recent retail-outfitter to become part of this trend is Macy's, which announced earlier this month that it will install solar powered systems on 26 stores throughout California. These leading companies are turning to solar power because it makes good business sense and supports their environmental initiative. Creative financial arrangements allow these companies to afford the upfront capital costs and payback their loans with energy savings. So what does all this mean to the average home owner? PV Cost per Kilowatt (kWh):


In the California market, where state incentives and net metering are in place, PV electricity prices are dipping below 11¢/kWh, on par with some utility-delivered power. Moreover, according to the U.S. PV Industry Roadmap, solar electricity will continue this trend and become competitive by 2010 for most domestic markets. The outlook is very positive for PV generation of electricity. Once the capital investment is made, the cost of PV electricity is equivalent to fossil fuels and will continue to decrease.


Cost of PV Installation:


The cost of installation is the major barrier that has to be overcome for widespread PV acceptance. Around 59% of world solar product sales installed in the last five years were applications that are tied to the electricity grid. Solar energy prices in these applications are 5-20 times more expensive than the cheapest source of conventional electricity generation. This premium is well beyond the reach of the average home owner.


Fortunately, there are financial models coming forward to enable the consumer to finance PV solar installation and pay for this installation with the electrical savings. In order to make these financial models successful, federal and state incentives are needed and the installation should be connected to the electrical grid. These connections allow the home owner to sell back electricity when excessive amounts are available and to receive electricity when solar conditions do not allow sufficient electricity. Only fifty percent of our states have modernized to allow on-grid PV solar energy.


Berkeley, California is leading the way to enable it citizens to save electrical cost and meet environmental needs. Here is how their plan works. A property owner hires a city-approved solar installer, who determines the best solar system for the property, depending on energy use. Most residential solar panel systems in the city cost from $15,000 to $20,000.


The city will pay the contractor for the system and its installation, minus any applicable state and federal rebates, and would add an assessment to the property owner's tax bill to pay for the system. The extra tax would include administrative fees and interest, which would be lower than what the property owner could obtain on their own, because the city would secure low-interest bonds and loans. The tax would stay with the property even if the owner sold, although the owner would have to leave the solar panels. The property owner would save money on monthly Pacific Gas & Electric bills because electricity generated by the solar panels would partly replace electricity delivered by the utility. After the assessment expired, the solar panels, of a simple technology that requires little or no maintenance, would continue to partly replace PG&E electricity.


The Berkeley plan is a map for the rest of the world to allow us affordable electricity and meet our responsibilities to the environment.


I have a BS and MS in Metallurgical Engineering. Thirty six years spent in the development of semiconductors. Business experience in start up business plan. Currently, an oyster farmer and interested in helping the environment by deploying solar energy. Please visit my Blog [http://environmentalhelp.typepad.com/] for further discussions.